自律神经失调成因？

何謂自律神經失調

自律神經失調是用來形容一群難以用生理的原因去解釋的身體症狀。在精神科裡面，它與下列診斷相關：身體化疾患、未分化型身體疾患、疼痛疾患、恐慌症、廣泛性焦慮症、轉化症、解離症、慮病症、強迫症、心理因素影響或造成的醫學狀況、戲劇性人格、強迫性人格等。典型的症狀包括：頭痛、頭暈、胸悶、心悸、腸胃道不適、呼吸急促、冒汗、手腳發抖、肩頸肌肉酸緊、耳鳴、手腳發麻。症狀各式各樣，但這些診斷的共同特點是個案患有一些很困擾的非特異性身體的症狀，不斷地去做檢查都找不出病因。但是找不出病因，並不代表沒有原因，而是這些症狀大都跟心理壓力有關。

甚至有些生理的疾病，現在都已被認為跟心理因素是密切相關的：包括高血壓、氣喘、胃潰瘍、異位性皮膚炎、發炎性腸炎、甲狀腺機能亢進、風濕性關節炎、腸躁症等。

自律神經失調的成因

生理會影響心理，當然心理也會影響生理。很多疾病的產生，除了先天體質跟環境的交互作用之外，心理其實扮演很大的角色。首先我們要先瞭解壓力反應。當我們遇到急性壓力時，我們的大腦的杏仁核會先偵測到危險的刺激，透過交感神經系統發射訊號給我們的腎上腺髓質系統，因此腎上腺就會分泌腎上腺素及正腎上腺素，讓我們的血壓上升、心跳加快、肌肉收縮、腸胃道蠕動變慢，產生打或跑的反應，以應付外來的壓力。這是生物體求生存的一種本能及保護的機制。但是，一旦大腦不斷地偵測到壓力，就會進入慢性壓力的模式。這時候，我們的腎上腺皮質就會接手，分泌體內壓力荷爾蒙，就是所謂類固醇。類固醇會降低免疫力。因此當我們壓力大時，比較容易感冒。另外壓力荷爾蒙會不斷告訴大腦，現在還是處在危險的狀態。因此大腦會通知身體儲存脂肪以備不時之需。難怪，長期在慢性壓力之下的人，常會有厚厚一層的腰圍脂肪。特別是內臟脂肪跟心血管疾病及糖尿病相關。另外，大腦長期在壓力荷爾蒙的作用下，神經細胞會受損。一旦大腦生病了，我們的自律神經系統就會失調，憂鬱、焦慮及身體其他的疾病就會隨之而來。自律神經系統分為交感神經及副交感神經，交感神經會讓我們處在亢奮的狀態，好讓我們應付壓力；副交感神經則讓我們處在放鬆的狀態，可以讓細胞休息獲得養分。這套神經系統不是我們意識可以控制的，但它主管我們的呼吸、心跳及腸胃道蠕動。因此自律神經失調，最常見的症狀都跟這幾個器官系統有關。

除了外在壓力之外，另一種叫做內在壓力。每個人都會有內在的心理衝突，我們會有憤怒及性的慾望，這些都來自本我（Id）。但是自我（Ego）常常必須壓抑這樣的慾望，因為我們內在的超我（Superego）常不允許這樣的慾望出來。壓抑成功的話，就不會有症狀，但是如果壓抑失敗的話，就會出現症狀。這叫做內在衝突，既想要滿足慾望，但是又害怕實現自己慾望，因此就卡住了。A型人格，事事要求完美的人，就常讓自己處在高度壓力的狀態以及高度壓抑的人格，比如說敢怒不敢言、忍氣吞聲的人，都比較會產生所謂的內在壓力。



资料来源：http://www.tahsda.org.tw/newsletters/?p=76

凭空出现的情绪?

午后天晴，喝了柠檬茶的我感觉好清爽。这情绪来自什么呢？
事实上，这可归咎自咖啡因（茶里有咖啡因）和血糖（蜜糖是高升糖食品）指数对情绪带来的变化。

我们常常不理解自己情绪的来源而懊恼不已，甚至不能够接受自己出现“不该有”的情绪。
事实上原生家庭问题，儿时因素，不理智想法，情景联结和条件反应或生理基因等因素都可衍生出种种情绪。情绪并不是凭空出现的。
许多时候，搞清为何有该情绪并不是最重要的。
权衡怎样处理之并带来良好生活品质或许更为实际。

Is Total Mind Control Possible?

Can hypnosis be used to make someone do something against his or her own will? This question has been the source of great controversy. I served as a consultant about hypnosis to Woody Allen’s film, The Curse of the Jade Scorpion, in which the character of Voltan uses hypnosis to get others to steal for him without recalling the event.

Source: http://www.newmindcentre.com/2014/10/were-on-tv-astro-iii3.html

So, can hypnosis be used for mind control? 

There has certainly been a lot of research on the subject. The CIA and KGB have both experimented with hypnosis to create the perfect spy or even an assassin. But while I have read many stories about these experiments, I've never seen any proof of their success. Much may be possible in the dark and sinister underworld of spies and madmen, but university research on the possibilities has always been limited by ethics.

Could you be hypnotized and forced to do something illegal or diabolical? The general answer is that you cannot. There is a possibility, however, that if one had unlimited resources of money, power, and time, devious plans could be designed: There really were many secret experimental programs like "MK-Ultra" that used hypnosis and drugs to push mind-control to its limits. Is it possible that your friendly neighbor could have been implanted with a program to suddenly become a killer when "triggered" by the right signal?

What has been documented is that if you found a subject whose personality was deviant to begin with and wanted to direct their minds to do something extreme like plant a bomb or commit an assassination, you may be able to guide him or her to do it—with or without hypnosis. The hypnotic trance is a state of awareness that makes a person more easily persuaded. But the art of persuasion relies on many factors. To convince a normal person to become a killer is extremely unlikely. But if you are able to use coercion—such as kidnapping and threatening the life of their child—a person could very well be able to do anything to protect their offspring. Similarly, it may be possible to convince a person that something horrific will happen unless they follow your instructions precisely. Hypnosis could be used to plant such images, feelings, and stories in an innocent person who may then give in to the pressure and commit an attack they would otherwise never consider. 

You may have read in the spy novels about nefarious masterminds who use so-called “mind-control” techniques to program innocents to do their bidding like so many robots. And again, while this is unlikely, evildoers may be able to recruit the types of individual whose personality already is ready, if not eager, for violence, which could presumably include combat veterans who killed many enemy combatants in active duty. Perhaps this person also has strong philosophical leanings that following orders is correct, regardless of the consequences. If such a person volunteers for a covert project and enough time is spent applying all sorts of techniques to "reprogram" the subject, anything may be possible. Hypnosis could be used to promote a more complete mind reprogramming and solidify a specific plan with great detail—and create a hypnotized walking time-bomb.

Fortunately, there are not many people who are eager or willing to volunteer for such an experiment. There are also, however, many fanatics who do not need any additional persuasion to become assassins. We all know the madness of martyrs who become suicide bombers in the name of fanatical belief. We need hardly worry about someone using hypnosis to reprogram an individual to become a killer; there are enough individuals already eagerly seeking opportunities to inflict harm. 

You cannot be programmed to become killer without your knowledge. Hypnosis can be persuasive, but does not give the hypnotist control over your mind, morality, or judgment. So do not fear hypnosis—it should continue to develop as an effective technique to promote desired change in behavior, thinking, and emotions (without shifting to mind-control). It's a powerful tool and we should use it for beneficial purposes, not evil intentions. 

All retrieved from:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/hypnosis-the-power-trance/201509/is-total-mind-control-possible?utm_source=FacebookPost&utm_medium=FBPost&utm_campaign=FBPost